Extraordinary Repairs Definition

The extraordinary repairs in its field of accounting extensive repairs made to the asset.

And such as property and equipment PP&E, Which prolongs its helpful life and increases its book value.

And it’s set in contrast the ordinary repairs, which its consider regular and preventive maintenance.

Also it standard repairs are expense immediately rather than being capitalized.

How do Understand the Extraordinary Repairs?

• The extraordinary repairs it capitalizes, which means the repair cost increases the book value of the fixed asset that improves the repair.
• Also, the extraordinary repair cost added to the original fixed asset and can identify. As it separates frozen asset items directly underneath the original, it keeps clean accounting records.
• And fix assets are then consolidate and present in the long-term asset section on the company’s balance sheet.
• Also, recording it in this manner increases the periodic depreciation expense recorded over the asset’s revises remaining life. And the depreciation expense flows through the company’s income statement.

What are the Qualifications of Extraordinary Repairs?

• The amount spent on the extraordinary repair of immaterial. And also, it’s extra efficient from the accounting perspective to charge.
• And the cost its expense as incurred, rather than adjusting the book value of the fixed asset.
• Similarly, if the machine’s expect life is only prolong by the few months, its extra prudent to expense the repair cost.

What are the Extraordinary Repairs vs. Ordinary Repairs?

• The accounting treatment of it .And ordinary also its different. And it standard repairs are record as the expenses in the current accounting period.
• Also, it’s leaving the book value of the related fixed asset unchanged. And also, expenses of the costs record on the company’s income statement in which the charge incurred.

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Hardware Definition

The word hardware in computing refers to the physical, tangible parts of a computer system, electrical, electronic, electromechanical, and mechanical components.

Cables, cabinets or boxes, peripherals of all kinds, and any other physical element involved, make up the Hardware or material support. On the contrary, the logical and intangible asset is the so-called software.

The term is typical of the English language, and its translation into other languages does not have a consistent meaning. This reason is also accepted as it sounds.

It defines as “A set of components that make up the material part of a computer. “The term, although the most common, is not only applied to computers.

It also uses in other areas of daily life and technology. For example, Hardware also refers to tools and machines, and in electronics, Hardware refers to all electronic, electrical, electromechanical, mechanical components, wiring, and printed circuit boards.

What are the basics of the Hardware?

1. Hardware input and input

• Input devices allow data to collect just the eyes and ears receive information from the world around us. Through the keyboard, we can enter the data and information. And the mouse, we select the icons and menus of the different programs.

2. Memory

• The memory contains pieces of information in sections, like books in the library. The programs and data are stored there. It is also known as RAM (acronym in English random access memory ).
• Which means you can access it anywhere at random. The memory circuits and” chips ” are fetched into the fiberglass material.

3. Processor

• The processor works like the human brain, and also it examines and alters data, loads, and carries out program instructions. Also searches for memory programs to run.
• Its made up of two parts of the control unit and the logical arithmetic unit. The Control Unit looks for the programs in the memory, and it executes the instructions of the same.
• And for its part, the logical arithmetic unit searches for the necessary data in memory and performs the programs’ calculations.
• In the processor are tiny and complex circuits equestrian on the sheet of fiberglass. There are also transistors, which are switches and switches.
• The courses and transistors work in synchronization, like the musicians in an orchestra led by a conductor.

4. Output and output Hardware

• The output devices are showing the results that the processor obtained. For example, the monitor and screen displays visual information, speakers transform data into sound, and printers present data on paper

What are the classification of the Hardware?

1. Processing Hardware

• It corresponds to the Central Processing Unit and CPU, the computer’s logical operations center, where the tasks necessary for the rest of the components’ operation it interpretation and executed.

2. Storage Hardware

• It referred to all the components whose function is to protect the information so the user can access it at any time.
• And also in this case, the primary device, RAM Random Access Memory.
• Its also entirely up to secondary memories, such as hard drives and SSD and USB memories.

3. Graphic Hardware

• Its also mostly made of graphics cards that take the memory, and the CPU is responsible for interpreting performing the signals dedicate to the construction of images.
• The function does not fall to the CPU.
• And also it’s done with efficiency since it release these functions to the main memory, the system works optimally.

4. Peripheral Devices

• It is all the Hardware that allows information to enter the computer or go outside. That is divide into three categories.
• Input peripherals: It allows data access to the computer—for example, keyboard, microphone, webcam, etc.
• And also output peripherals: through them, the user can extract information, such as scanners, printers, consoles, and speakers.
• Input and output and mix peripherals: they are capable of entering and extracting information.
• And also touchscreens fall into this category, as the DVD and Blue Ray players and flash drives. Latter are essentially secondary memories but it use as mix peripherals.

What are the Examples of Hardware?

• Some simple Examples of Hardware
• Microprocessors, motherboards, integrated cards (audio, video, etc.)
• Monitor projectors, video beams, etc.
• And the printer scanner is external peripherals.
• Also, the keyboard and the pointer mouse with which the user communicates with the machine.
• And modules of the RAM in the CPU.
• And batteries keep the system running and wiring that connects to the portions.
• Hard drives and removable memory ( flash ) drives.

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Life Insurance Definition

Life insurance policy dies the beneficiary, and beneficiaries eligible for the policy death benefit.

And inside the life insurance policy, there are life insurance settlement options that pertain to the method in which the funds payable to the beneficiary.

Usually, there are many different settlement choices available to the beneficiary (beneficiaries).

And life insurance settlement options many circumstances, beneficiaries select the lump sum payment. It happens when the overall amount of the funds settle at one time in one price.

It proceeding with this choice can often help the beneficiary choose to pay off significant obligations such as funeral and burial expenses and any other final debts of the deceased.

The funds also replace the insured person’s income and help to survive loved ones pay ongoing living expenses.

If the beneficiaries prefer not to collect the whole amount of the death benefit at one time, there are alternative settlement options that select. Several of the most common of these can include:

1. Interest Income Option

• Use the interest income option. And the life insurance company holds the funds, and it pays the specified amount of interest on the funds.
• The interest payments on the monthly are quarterly, semi-annual, or annual schedule. When selecting the option, the beneficiary can get a portion or all of the proceeds when needed.
• It might be suitable for individuals who do not want the life insurance proceeds until the future date. For example, if the money remains to be used for a child’s college education expense several years later.

2. Life Income Option

• The life income option is comparable to the annuity when deciding on its insurance settlement option.
• The policy’s beneficiary promises to get the income for the balance of his and her life, irrespective of how long it may be.
• The exact amount of that income always is dependent on the total of the policy death benefit. In addition to the beneficiary’s age and gender, these determine factors in the income recipient’s life expectancy.

3. Joint and Survivor Life Annuity Option

• Suppose using the joint and stay life income annuity option. It means that the benefit payments will be dependent on the number of benefit proceeds. And the life expectancy of the named beneficiary who anticipates living longer.
• Consequently, the benefit proceeds’ payout continues to pass from one beneficiary to the other up until the last beneficiary has died.

4. Specific Income Option

• The receives choose the specific income option, and they get an equal measure of income each year for the particular number of years up until all of the benefit proceeds have been paid out.
• And using its settlement option if the beneficiary must die before all of the benefit income has been collected. Another person must choose to accept the benefit payments’ balance until all benefit payments it paid.

Definition of Microsoft Office

The  Microsoft office software was developed by Microsoft Corp company founded in 1975. It set of applications that perform office tasks, that is, that allows us to automate and improve an office’s usual activities.

The oldest version of Microsoft Office was throwing in 1989 with two basic packages. And Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, and another to which the schedule plus and Microsoft access programs were added.

Word

• These are the most significant popular programs that are a portion of the Microsoft Office. It contains the word processor that includes the spell checker, thesaurus, and the possibility of working with different fonts (fonts).

Excel

• It’s partly composed of worksheets. Its attraction is the possibility of performing arithmetic operations automatically. And which facilitates the development of balance sheets and financial statements.

PowerPoint

• The Office program uses to produce and display visual presentations. It’s has based on the development of multimedia slides that can include images, text, sound, and videos.
• Management of personal data and emails can take managed the Outlook. Its main strength is the email client, although it also offers the calendar and the contact directory.
• It must take note that Microsoft Office is a licensed program. Therefore, those who wish it take advantage of its benefits must buy it and respect the contract conditions.
• Such as the prohibition of making copies for profit. Some of its main competitors are Open Office (open source), Star Office, Lotus Symphony, and WordPerfect Office.
• The popularity of the Office has been declining in recent years. The first victim is probably PowerPoint.
• Many users began to understand that Flash offered the same possibilities and many more, with the level of customization impossible to achieve in the first.
• With mobile phones and the applications’ attractiveness, the caring of relocation took place from the PC to these devices. It’s transforming the software marketplace collaborating with the growth of mist and free tools.
• Microsoft, given that for some time, it has been possible to enjoy some of Office’s features for free and through an email account.

Piracy

• Like Windows and the various Adobe packages, Photoshop and Illustrator, Office is one of the most common sources of piracy.
• And one of the main reasons is handy tools for training since they are usually among the requirements of most jobs that include computer tasks of some kind.
• Today, there are free alternatives to almost all of them, which are more powerful and efficient, but which tend to take a weak point in common.
• And interfaces that are difficult to navigate and not visually attractive. They lead many users to dismiss them in a matter of seconds, reverting to convenient illegal downloads.
• However, piracy proliferated around every obstacle are remains presented its way, wonders the large software development company suffers from these situations.
• It’s common to hear that it’s likely that Microsoft and Adobe, for example, make sure that the programs reach as many homes as possible through regular acquisitions and illegal copies.
• This theory is base on the fact that the real profit occurs. Thanks to allowing private users to know and enjoy its tools, the popularity grows to the point of turning them into benchmarks.

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Price-to-Book Ratio Definition

The price-to-book ratio (PBR) takes favor by value investors for decades, and it widely uses by market analysts.

And traditionally, any value under 1.0 considers the good P/B value, indicating the potentially undervalued stock.

However, value investors often consider stocks with a P/B value under 3.0. It’s important to note that it is challenging to pinpoint the specific numeric value of the “good” P/B ratio.

When determining if the stock undervalues and, therefore, the suitable investment, ratio analysis can vary by industry, and the good P/B ratio for one industry the low rate for another.

What are the Basics of the P/B Ratio?

• The P/B ratio compares the company’s market capitalization, and market value, to its book value.
• And specifically, it compares the company’s stock price to its book value per share (BVPS).
• And the market capitalization company value its share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares.
• The book values total assets – total liabilities, and it originates in the company’s balance sheet.
• Also, in other words, if the company liquidated all of its assets and paid off all its debt, the remaining value must in the company’s book value.
• It’s helpful to identify some general parameters and the range for the P/B value. Then, consider various other factors.
• And valuation measures that extra accurately interpret the P/B ratio and forecast its growth potential.

Calculating P B Ratio

• As stated earlier, the P/B ratio examines the company’s stock price to its BVPS. The rate calculates as follows:
• PB Ratio = Market Price per Share ÷ Book Value per Share (BVPS)
  where:
  BVPS = (Total Shareholder Equity – Preferred Equity) ÷ Total Outstanding Shares.